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Flight controller MCU – F1, F3, G4, F4, F7 and H7

montis — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 08:00:57 +0000

What is Flight Controller MCU?

All flight controllers, that run Betaflight, Emufligh,?Cleanflight?or other flight software, are based on the STM32 type microcontroller or MCU?(also can be called as “processor“).?STM32?is a family of 32-bit?microcontroller?integrated circuits?by?STMicroelectronics.?The STM32 family consists of series of?microcontrollers: H7, F7, F4, G4,?F3, F2, F1, F0,...?Internally, each microcontroller consists of the processor core,?static RAM,?flash?memory, debugging interface, and various peripherals. It is the main processing device of the flight controller. It runs the dedicated program called firmware (e.g. Betaflight) and controls the quad by sensing an measuring the environment by the help of external sensing devices – gyroscopes, accelerometers, compasses, barometers and GPS.

The main differences between the STM32 microcontroller series are: internal architecture, clock speed, internal flash size, number of interfaces for peripherals and other.

**Comparison table by max clock frequency**
Code	Core	Max freq [MHz]	Max FLASH [KB]	Max SRAM [KB]	Target
H7	CortexM7	400	2048	1024	High performance
F7	CortexM7	216	2048	512	High performance
F4	CortexM4	180	2048	384	High performance
G4	CortexM4	170	512	128	High performance
F2	CortexM3	120	1024	128	High performance
L4	CortexM4	80	1024	320	Low power
F1	CortexM3	72	1024	96	Mainstream
F3	CortexM4	72	512	80	Mainstream
F0	CortexM0	48	256	32	Mainstream

F1

F1 series of the MCU were released in 2007.?This is the MCU that started the flight controllers era. NAZE32?was the first flight controller, based on STMF103 and Baseflight firmware. The most commonly used MCU was?STM32F103CBT6 with 128Kb of the flash space for firmware. This MCU currently is outdated as?Betaflight support for F1 MCU was discontinued in 2017. The last version that supports F1 is Betaflight 3.2 .

F3

F3 series of the MCU were released in 2012. They have up to 72MHz core speed and up to 256 Kb general flash size.?The F3 is almost pin-to-pin compatible with the STM32 F1-series. Higher clock speed allows to run 2x higher loop times than earlier generation of F1 microcontrollers, up to 8KHz. F3 microcontrollers have 3 serial ports for peripherals.

This MCU currently is outdated as?Betaflight support for F3?MCU was discontinued in 2017. The last version that supports F3 is Betaflight 4.0. Read about this?here.

F4

F4?series of the MCU were released in 2011. So the F4 MCU in fact was released before the?F3. They have marginally faster clock speeds, that enable to run up to 32KHz loop times.?Most popular F4 MCU are?STM32F405RGT6 with 168Mhz and?STM32F411CCU6 with 100MHz clock speed, but with reduced footprint size for smaller boards.

G4

STM32 G4 series MCU is released first in 2019. G4 is featured with extensive analog signal processing and rich advanced analog peripherals, has up to 512Kb of flash and up to 128Kb RAM memory, runs on up to 170MHz speeds. G4 provides better power efficiency and performance compared to the older F3/F4 series. G4 has 5 hardware UARTS.

First flight controller with STM32G4 MCU is FETtec KISS G4 flight controller, released in 2021-10.

[Picture pending]

F7

F7 series of the MCU were released in 2014. They have up to 216MHz?core speed and up to 2048Kb general flash size. The F7 is?pin-to-pin compatible?with the STM32 F4-series. The most popular MCU is?STM32F722RET6 has 512Kb?of flash memory, 128Kb or RAM and 5 hardware UARTS.

H7

H7 is the newest MCU, released in 2017. It was designed as faster and more cost effective alternative to F7 series. Clock speed was almost doubled up to 400MHz. thanks to improved semiconductor manufacturing process from 90nm down to 40nm. This also reduces power consumption. H7 series are cheaper than F7 series, due to reduced internal flash size (using cheap external memory instead).

Inverted/uninverted serial ports

F3, F7 and H7?series microcontrollers have built-in ability to invert the serial signal. Other MCU’s – F1 and F4 have no build-in inverters, so either you need to invert SBUS and S.Port signals by external inverters or the flight controller manufacturer has to implement the additional inverting components on the FC board.

[To be continued]

2019-04-05 Article created
2021-10-05 G4 MCU introduced.

Wizz FPV F7 flight controller

montis — Mon, 06 Sep 2021 23:19:47 +0000

A new company, called Wizz, has released their first F7 flight controller. It is F722 MCU based 20x20mm sized flight controller. While this FC isn’t something exceptional, it has everything that is needed for a modern quadcopter.

Wizz F7 FC?has 6 UARTS, M5?and M6 pads, VTX pit control, analog camera control and USB Type-C socket.

FC supports up to 12S (50V) direct input.

Fits the mini sized 20x20mm stack.

Has digital DJI Ai unit socket for direct connection.

Wizz F7 FC has 4 LED pads on every corner for easy wiring the led strips.

Wizz F7 FC pinout.

Wizz F7 FC connection diagram.

Available @

Wizz:?https://wizz.store/products/wizz-f7-hd-20×20-flight-controller

Banggood:?https://www.banggood.com/20x20mm-WIZZ-F7-Flight-Controller-compatible-DJI-FPV-Air-Unit-…-1813330.html

Specifications:

Size: 20*20 M3 holes with vibration damping
MCU: STM32F722RET6 216MHz
Gyro: MPU6000 6-Axis
Input: Up to 12S (50V) direct battery power Yes! 12S!
USB type C
DJI direct plug (6 pin)
VTX pit mode switch – configured in Betaflight modes
5V or VBAT selectable for VTX and CAM power
One wire Analogue Camera Control
4 Led pads (one at each corner) for easy LED installation – up to 40 LEDs on white and 100 LEDs in color – perfect for FAI international races – shares 5V with 5V/2A BEC
6 UARTS, 4 full UARTS with RX AND TX pins
8 pin 4 in 1 ESC plug
M5, M6 pads for additional motor outputs
Buzzer pads for external buzzer
Built in Betaflight OSD
Boot button
Logical pin layout for cleanest build

Heli-Nation Tiny TALON F7 Stack with BLHeli_32 ESC

montis — Tue, 30 Jun 2020 23:44:22 +0000

Heli-Nation has released the first in the market nano sized Tiny Talon F7 stack with BLHeli_32 4in1 ESC . This stack has 16×16 mounting holes, F722 MCU, OSD, MPU-6000 gyro. Tiny Talon 4in1 ESC is capable of 2-4S battery input, provides up to 15A (20A burst), has current sensor on board and runs on BLHeli_32 firmware. This means RPM filtering support out of the box.

Stack package includes FC, 4in1 ESC, connecting cables, XT30 pigtail, capacitor and the rubber grommets.

Available @:

Heli-Nation: https://www.heli-nation.com/tiny-talon-16×16-f7-stack-blheli-32-esc

GetFPV: https://www.getfpv.com/heli-nation-tiny-talon-f7-micro-stack.html

Flight Controller specifications:
First micro (16X16) STACK with F7 and 32bit ESC
MCU: STM32F722RET6 216MHz
6-Axis MPU6000 gyro
Build in Beta flight OSD
2-4S( 17V ) direct battery power
Build in Voltage monitoring resistor
Build in 5V/1.5A BEC and 3.3V/250mA for system
2 free FULL UARTS: UART1, UART5
VTX use UART3 TX3. for VTX control
16×16 mounting pattern
Designed to use on 5V camera and VTX.

ESC specifications:
2-4s Battery Input.
First 16×16 mounting 32bit ESC, running BLHELI_32
15A continuous and 20A burst.
RPM filtering support
build in Current sensor

Review: Racerstar & Airbot AirF7 flight controller

montis — Mon, 21 Oct 2019 08:17:09 +0000

Airbot, known manufacturer of the quality Flight controllers and ESC’s, and Racerstar, known brand of the Banggood, together released the F7 MCU based Flight Controller AirF7.

Specifications

? STM32F722 MCU

? AB7456 OSD onboard

? 16MB Flash for blackbox

? ICM20602 Gyro

? 3-6S direct LiPo input

? 5V 3A BEC

? 9V 3A BEC(optional)

? BT module supported(optional)

? Receivers could be pluged and mounted directly on the FC(Frsky RXSR-FC and Cross fire RX)

? Highside video power switch

? Build in power filter system for main power and VTX/Camera power

? 6 UART

? 1x independent I2C(not need to share UART3)

? Independent 3.3v power source for sensors and digital devices

? “Strong pad” design, all solder pads has spare or through holes, no worry about ripped off solder pads

Racerstar AirF7

Package contains the Racerstar AirF7 FC, silicone rubber grommets and 8-pin JST-SH 1.0mm cable for connecting 4in1 ESC board.

There is the user manual included in the package.

User manual is realy low quality, printed with some angle offset and with many spelling and grammar mistakes. I havent heared of such a thing as “Speical designed filiter system “Good Dream””

User Manual states that the BEC on the right is FC BEC (5V)

But in reality the right BEC is Camera BEC (9V). You can clearly see the markings CAM_BEC on the PCB:

Actually the AirF7 user manual is based on the Airbot F7 user manual, but Racerstar should have done it better.

Airbot F7 user manual: https://store.myairbot.com//media/iverve/uploadpdf/1561739006_80127-AirbotF7-0505.pdf

Racerstar AirF7 user manual: http://myosuploads3.banggood.com/products/20190909/20190909214037RacerstarairF7.pdf

Also AirF7 user manual has no pinout information, so I have copied the pinout scheme from the Airbot F7 and made the Racerstar AirF7 board pinout scheme.

The resource table

Flight Controller in details

This AirF7 flight controller is stacked with features and surprises. Lets look at them.

The view of the flight controller top side.

The view of the back side

There is micro USB and 8-pin JST-SH 1.0mm socket for connecting to the 4in1 ESC on the right side of the board. You can find the pinout of the socket in pinout scheme above. There is BlackBox Flash 16MB memory chip right behind the USB socket.

Whole row of the pads for LEDs and UART 6 pads on the bottom part of the board. GND, 5V and LED control pads for programmable LED strips and lights. F.Port (Inverted) , 5V, GND, TX1 (uninverted) and 3.3V pads for connecting various receivers that need inversion (SBUS, FPort) or doesn’t need it. Also free TX6 and RX6 pads for UART 6 are available.

On the left side there are UART 3 pads and I2C interface pads. There is a undocumented Barometer on this FC, right behind the UART 3 pads! There are three status LEDs and buzzer pads. The connector in the middle is the SPI interface socket for connecting the External Gyro, R9MM-FC or RXSR-FC receivers.

On the top side of the board there are Camera GND, Power, Video and SmartAudio pads. Also VTX GND, Power , CameraControl and Video pads. You can see Airbot AB7456 OSD chip behind the Camera pads and AO4606 Mosfet VTX power switch behind the VTX pads. The Airbot AB7456 OSD chip uses less power, is tolerant of wider voltage swings and twice as much nvram than the commonly used MAX7456 chip. There is LED indicator besides the VTX pads to indicate the VTX power status. LED is off if the VTX power is swithed off (VTX PIT mode).

On the bottom side of the board there are GND, +5 and TX3, RX3 pads for direct soldering the Crosfire Nano or FrSky XM/XM+ receivers.

In the middle of the bottom side there is a place for soldering the optional Bluetooth module. It would use UART6 for the communication with

There are ESC solder pads in the normal and reversed order for soldering convenience.

There are Bootloader pads next to the 9V BEC, marked BOOT0.

Weight of the board is 8.6 grams.

Configuration

Racerstar AirF7 Betaflight target is AIRF7 (RAST) and is available from Betaflight 4.1.0.

There are some notes in the product page regarding the firmware, but I think these are outdated now:

Because the firmware is provisional, for 9V BEC there have 2 steps to switch on :
1. Please type in CLI as:
RESOURCE SERIAL_RX 4 NONE
set pinio_box = 40,41,42,43
aux 2 40 2 1600 2100 0
resource PINIO 1 A10
save

2. Then use AUX 3, and the range must cover 1500
we don’t know if betaflight can put this setting in the released firmware, but if it’s happened the 9V BEC not working ,you know how to resource .

Actually the board comes with RealPIT feature preconfigured on AUX3 channel.

VTX power is switched on when AUX3 is in the range. You can adjust the range or AUX channel to your needs.

[To be continued]

Available @ https://www.banggood.com/Racerstar-Airbot-airF7-F722-RealPit-Flight-Controller-5V3A-9V3A-BEC-wOSD-For-FPV-Racing-RC-Drone-p-1547585.html

Disclaimer: This item was supplied by Banggood for a fair and unbiased review. Banggood never asked for a positive review and never infuenced my opinion in any way. I’m trying my best to stay uninfluenced and give only my own opinion. All affiliate links if there are any help me purchase items for future reviews.

Betaflight F7 RV1 Flight Controller

montis — Wed, 07 Feb 2018 19:06:45 +0000

New Betaflight F7 FC is about to be released. This FC was designed with the great attention to the details. It seems that all the issues were fixed from the previous Betaflight F4 FC. Top mounted, big sized solder pads (instead of through holes) ensure ease of access for the tightest and trickiest of builds, 4 UARTs are available, that can read inverted and univerted signals. BF F7 has optimally placed ESC power, signal and telemetry pads near the each corner of the FC. You can find the dedicated camera OSD control signal pad near the camera vsignal pads.

The Betaflight F7 features dual gyros so the user can have their choice of which one to use, either the tried and true MPU6000 ( for sampling up to 8khz), or the ICM20608 ( for sampling up to 32khz). The later ICM20608 is encapsulated in the dampening jelly box and the whole FC has dampening grommets in the mount holes, so you can be sure that gyros are well protected from vibrations.

Specifications:
3-6s
Simplistic Layout
Two Gyro options
Betaflight OSD
Filtered output for FPV systems
Smart Audio/Tramp Telemetry compatibily
4 uarts (can read inverted and univerted signals)
Camera Control
Buzzer
Blackbox via flash memory
30.5×30.5 FC mounting

Features:

Programmable LEDs,

Flash Memory,

individual pad for camera control,

labeled Smart Audio/Tramp TX1 next to VTx soldering pads.

Labeled Smart Port TX2 pad next to Sbus/Ibus/DSM2

UART6 Tx, 5v and 3.3v pads (user selection based on type of receiver used)

four pads for ESC telemetry connected to RX1 (Each pad placed near corners of the board)

iFlight REVOBEE F7 V2 with IMU in the box

montis — Tue, 24 Oct 2017 08:15:13 +0000

iFlight is releasing the new flight controller iFlight REVO BEE F7. This board has interesting design:? gyro chip (IMU, probably the ICM20689) is attached to the dampening foam and then put in a transparent acryllic box and the box attached on top of the F7 MCU. In this way IMU chip is well protected and well dampened. The downside of this solution is total heigth of the FC is 11mm. The board probably will have OSD, as there is a writing OMNIBUS on it.

We probably will have to wait BetaFlight 3.2 in order to F7 work properly with 32kHz gyro rates.

Update 2017-10-24:

More details about original iFlight Revo Bee32 F7 V2 Flight Controller – it uses the STM32F745, ICM20608?over SPI also has on board secondary MPU6000 gyro. With onboard damping box, ICM20608?runs under 32k Gyro loop. Also onboard are a barometer and AB7456 OSD chip for the BetaFlight integrated OSD. iFlight Revo Bee32 F7 V2 supports 2-4s LIPO direct input, build in ~~Current Sensor~~ and Power Filter. Support 2-4S, comes with 5V 1A BEC output. Support SBUS, IBUS, DSMX, SUMD receivers.

Also a cloned (?) board has appeared on the Banggood:?https://www.banggood.com/Omnibus-F7-V2-Flight-Controller-STM32-F745-MCU-2-4S-Built-in-Betaflight-OSD-Dual-Gyro-30_5x30_5mm-p-1215667.html

Description:
Item name: Omnibus F7 V2 flight controller
MCU: STM32 F745 (Spi connected to Gyro)
MPU6000 (the 6 axis SPI Gyrometer + Accelerometer)
IMC268 (the 6 axis SPI Gyrometer + Accelerometer)
D-shot Support
Dual Gyro
Baro
BF OSD
microSD
Blackbox
Size: 36x36mm
Mount holes: 30.5×30.5mm
Weight: 10g
Default firmware: betaflight_3.2.0_OMNIBUSF7V2
SBUS, IBUS, DSM2, DSMX Receiver configuration: UART2

Features:
F7 MCU – faster than the current F3 and F4 processors.
Two gyros on the flight controller: an MPU6000 for sampling up to 8khz and ICM20608 for sampling up to 32khz.
Built in betaflight OSD
36x36mm, mount holes 30.5×30.5mm.
SD card reader for recording black box data (SD card not included).
Supports 2-4S natively
5V/3A regulator
Port for easy connection to 30A 4-IN-1 ESC (SH1.0 8P)